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Blackthorne Publishing, Inc. was a comic book publisher that flourished from 1986-1989. They were notable for the ''Blackthorne 3-D Series'', their reprint titles of classic comic strips like Dick Tracy, and their licensed products. Blackthorne achieved its greatest sales and financial success with their licensed 3-D comics adaptations of the California Raisins, but the financial loss suffered by the failure of their 3-D adaptation of the Michael Jackson film ''Moonwalker'' was a major contributor to the publisher's downfall. == History == Blackthorne was established in 1985 by husband-and-wife team Steve Schanes and Ann Fera, formerly associated with Pacific Comics (which had gone out of business in 1984). Schanes explained, "My abilities have always been to sell and promote, and I needed to have a job to pay my debts and to maintain a minimum life-style with my family. Since I could not locate enough work where I was living, I decided to start up another company, so I borrowed on my credit cards and started Blackthorne." Schanes and Fera raised $16,000 to start Blackthorne (naming the company after the street on which they lived),〔Sanford, Jay Allen. ("The History Of Comic Books In San Diego: The '80s," ) ''San Diego Reader'' blog (September 14, 2008).〕 mostly using their credit cards.〔("Comics publisher pins stellar hopes to ''Moonwalker''." ) ''San Diego Business Journal'' (March 6, 1989).〕 Blackthorne's first title was ''Jerry Iger's Classic Sheena'', with a cover date of April 1985, featuring Sheena, Queen of the Jungle reprints and a new Dave Stevens cover. (The book had originally been slated as a Pacific Comics release.)〔 Despite early struggles due to their limited funds, Blackthorne steadily expanded during its first years. To increase their profitability and visibility, the company employed sales representatives which sold their comics to retail stores not covered by any comic book distributors, such as Hallmark Cards, Spencer Gifts, and 7-Elevens nationwide.〔〔"Blackthorne in 7-11s," ''The Comics Journal'' #108 (May 1986), p. 19.〕 By the end of 1987, according to Schanes, the company was publishing 22 comic books a month and was distributing to 900-1,200 gift stores not covered by comics distributors.〔 Meanwhile, Blackthorne earned praise from critics and hobbyists for its reprints of classic newspaper comic strips.〔Harvey, R.C. "Bringing Back the Reprints" ''The Comics Journal'' #111 (September 1986), pp. 56-61: Reviews of reprints of newspaper comic strips by Blackthorne Publishing.〕 Schanes chose to do newspaper strip reprints because they required less financial investment and because there was little competition in the field at the time. Blackthorne immediately bought the rights for 60 different newspaper strips, even though they knew they wouldn't be able to produce most of them for years at best, to lock out any competition in the field.〔 In addition to their comic book line, Blackthorne published paperback books and created faux books for movie props; for instance, the comic books and technical manuals seen in the movie ''Russkies'' are all props crafted by Blackthorne Publishing.〔 In 1987, however, with the company losing money on its color line, it cancelled those titles to focus on their 3-D books and black-and-white licensed products.〔"Blackthorne Cancels Color Comics Line, Will Refocus on Licensed Product," ''The Comics Journal'' #117 (September 1987), p. 15.〕 Blackthorne also suffered from the contemporaneous financial troubles of the Los Angeles-based distributor Sunrise Distributors.〔"Sunrise announces it may not pay some publishers until July," ''The Comics Journal'' #115 (April 1987), p. 24.〕 Sunrise went bankrupt in 1988, and although Blackthorne (along with fellow West Coast publisher Fantagraphics) sued the distributor,〔"Two Publishers Sue Sunrise Distributors," ''The Comics Journal'' #120 (March 1988), p. 8.〕〔"Sunrise Creditors Meet," ''The Comics Journal'' #122 (June 1988), p. 22.〕 they were never able to recoup their losses. This in turn led to Blackthorne being audited by the federal government in 1988.〔"Blackthorne Audited," ''The Comics Journal'' #124 (August 1988), pp. 12-13.〕〔"IRS Pursues Blackthorne," ''The Comics Journal'' #125 (October 1988), p. 13.〕 In early 1989, the company was still the fifth-largest U.S. comics publisher, bringing in about $1 million in sales and boasting a staff of eight full-time editorial and production employees. They published about 240 different titles a year, with an average print run of about 10,000 copies each.〔 The company made a fatal error, however, when they signed on to adapt the Michael Jackson film ''Moonwalker'' to a 3-D comic book. The publisher paid a large licensing fee for the property and when the ''Moonwalker'' comic flopped later that year, they experienced a large financial loss.〔Hudson, Laura. ("The 5 Greatest Michael Jackson Moments in Comics," ) Comics Alliance (June 26, 2009).〕 By mid-1989 the company was outsourcing its operations,〔"Blackthorne Temporarily Contracts Operations," ''The Comics Journal'' #130 (July 1989), pp. 27-28.〕 and in November the company laid off eight of its nine employees, including editor-in-chief John Stephenson. $180,000 in debt, Blackthorne limped into 1990 before it finally folded.〔Hardie, Mary. "Cash-strapped comic book maker hits hard times again," ''San Diego Business Journal'' (January 22, 1990).〕〔"Blackthorne Struggles to Stay Afloat," ''The Comics Journal'' #134 (February 1990), pp. 7-8.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Blackthorne Publishing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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